China has put a Polish university on its European dual-use exports blacklist. Why?

AI justification

Retaliatory blacklist harms academic freedom and escalates tensions, outweighing modest security gains. | While the blacklist may improve export‑control enforcement, it significantly curtails academic freedom and international scientific cooperation, breaching fundamental human rights. The negative impact on education and collaboration outweighs the modest security benefit, leading to a net ethical loss.